Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is a stable form of vitamin C not readily degraded by light, oxygen, and water as ascorbic acid is; does not require a low pH (high acidity) for bio-availability; and suppresses pigmentation and boosts collagen synthesis at a much lower concentration than is required for ascorbic acid. A 10% concentration (found in LipoMap) shows best skin-brightening efficacy for this valuable ingredient, but is commonly used at a 1-3% concentration in vitamin c products on the market.

N-acetyl-glucosamine is a skin-identical barrier supporting amino sugar with gentle (normalizing) exfoliating properties. It’s shown to increase collagen production, moisture content, and elasticity of the skin as well as to reduce hyperpigmentation. Studies also demonstrate NAG adds a synergistic boost to the function of niacinamide (vitamin b3) in skin care.

Niacinamide offers a number of benefits to aged and photo-damaged skin, including improving the appearance of hyperpigmentation, blotchiness, and skin texture by increasing the natural production of collagen and ceramide.

This liposome-forming phospholipid is a natural component of cell membranes used to escort and deliver active ingredients into the skin while supporting the barrier function vital to skin’s health and normalization.

Element of traditional Chinese medicine that supplies an array of amino acid and mineral nutrients to strengthen and beautify skin; supports tissue repair, damage correction, and melasma reduction.

Calming plant-derived terpene that offers antimicrobial, soothing, and anti-irritation properties for the skin, as well as an ability to enhance the skin absorption of active ingredients.

Promotes smoother, younger looking skin by increasing the rate of cell renewal, improving texture and tone.

Bio-identical compound occurring naturally as an essential hydrating component of skin and connective tissue, promoting smoothness.

All-natural plant-sourced chelator helps to protect natural products without the use of EDTAs, and also offers other benefits to the skin such as improved elasticity, skin lightening, and texture refinement.

Purified water, Ecocert-certified and plant-sourced preservation, Ecocert-certified vegetable propanediol, plant cellulose and renewable green-process plant gums.

May contain soy or soy derivatives. May contain pearl powder, silk, retinol, glucosamine, beeswax, lanolin, etc.